Cholesterol is produced in the liver mostly from our dietary intake of fatty products.
Cholesterol contains important lipids which are vital for our cellular function. For example, lipids are integral to maintain structures such as the cellular wall and insulate nerve fibres.
Cholesterol needs to be transported through the body by molecules called lipoproteins.
There are two types of lipoproteins also known as the good and bad cholesterol
- high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
- low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
HDL cholesterol, or high-density cholesterol:
HDL (high density lipoprotein) particles transport cholesterol to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation. This in effect reduces the concentration of cholesterol and therefore HDL is considered a good cholesterol.
Higher levels of HDL cholesterol in the bloodstream have been found to improve cardiovascular health, while lower levels of HDL can increase the risk of heart disease. Apoproteins are an essential component of the HDL. It helps reduce fat and cholesterol from the wall of blood vessels, thereby decreasing the risk of atheroma (clogging up blood vessels).
Consumption of foods like fish and taking body essential vitamins i.e. fish oil capsules and niacin improves the levels of HDL in the body. The optimum HDL level is of atleast 60mg/dL.
LDL cholesterol, or low-density cholesterol:
The particles of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) transport cholesterol and other nutrients to various cells in the body
These not only carry cholesterol but are also responsible for the transport of nutrients, triglycerides and fat-soluble vitamins. If there is excess supply of LDL than required by cells, there becomes a build-up of LDL particles.
The high concentration of LDL in the bloodstream adheres to vessel wall and starts the atheroma. Atheroma of vessels will cause blockages that can lead to health complications like stroke, angina, and cardiac attack.